The Critical Connection › Lesson 2 of 4

Optimal “Natural” Foot and Lower Limb Function

How barefoot neuromuscular mechanics actually work — the three gait phases, the dome-like multi-arch system, and why “Right Stimulus” and “Right Movement” are inseparable.

Lesson video

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What you will learn

Only 3% of habitually unshod populations present foot-related problems, and almost none are debilitating. More than 66% of shod populations currently experience some form of foot-related problem or pain. Lesson 2 examines the mechanics that explain this difference.

This lesson covers:

Key concept: Optimal neuromusculoskeletal mechanics are typically and exclusively observed in individuals who are in a habitual barefoot environment. The barefoot state is the reference standard against which all footwear and treatment approaches should be evaluated.

Course materials

For more detailed coverage of this lesson's topics, refer to The Future of Foot Care monograph, pages 5–26.

Lesson 2 quiz

Answer all five questions, then submit. You need to score 70% or above on all four lesson quizzes to qualify for accreditation.

Q1. What percentage of habitually unshod populations present foot-related problems?




Q2. The neuromuscular reflex-activated anticipation and preparation phase of gait occurs during which skeletal phase?




Q3. What initiates the protective reflex response during the neuromuscular anticipation and preparation phase?




Q4. From a physics perspective, what configuration do the bones of the foot achieve with appropriate muscle contractions?




Q5. What does the dynamic stable arch system primarily provide for the lower limb kinetic chain?